| Craniofacial "types" of the ancient populations of the Tarim Basin | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jun 20 2016, 07:26:08 AM (111 Views) | |
| black man | Jun 20 2016, 07:26:08 AM Post #1 |
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The Right Hand
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E: 3800 BP Gumugou cemetery, Qawrighul(?), 70km to the east of former Lop Nuur: - "proto-European" --- braincase: high, long and narrow, the occiput projecting(?) in a rounded way --- face as a whole: broad and low --- orbits: rectangular, glabella and superciliary arc being prominent --- nose: prominent bones, broad(!) openings Apart from that, the skull depicted in Han's essay from 1998 can be described as follows: --- cheekbones: gracile but broad and laterally prominent --- lower jaw: as a whole kind of rounded and contributing to a "square face", angles visible, chin rather small E: 3100-2500 BP Yanbulak cemetery, Liushuquan in Hami region: - predominately "Mongoloid" "type" similar to "East Tibetan populations" --- braincase: "elongated" --- orbits: "fairly wide" - minority like in Gumugou cemetery, i.e., "proto-European" Apart from that, the skulls depicted in Han's essay from 1998 can be described as follows: --- orbits: not only wide but also high (i.e., all in all large), almost square, slightly prominent brow ridges --- cheekbones: thickened, frontally and laterally prominent --- lower jaw (in one skull): broad and thickened, chin being broad and jaw angles being very prominent E: 2700-2000 BP Alagou cemetery near Turpan: - "East Mediterranean" or "Indo-Afghan" --- braincase: high and long --- orbits: high, narrow --- nose: high and narrow openings E: 2100-1700 Miran (to the south of Kroran/Loulan): "Mediterranean" > "Proto-European" > "Mongoloid" (1998 essay only) E: 1800 BP Kroran/Loulan eastern suburban cemetaries: - mostly "East Mediterranean", "Saka"-like: --- braincase: high, "elongated" --- orbits: high --- nose: bones "high arched", narrow Apart from that, the skull depicted in Han's essay from 1998 can be described as follows: --- braincase: narrow --- orbits: rather narrow --- cheekbones: rather narrow and gracile in between E and NW 2600-2100 BP Alwighul: "Proto-European" > "Pamir Fergana" and "Mediterranean" > "Mongoloid" (Han seems to suppose that people were mixing there) --- braincase: apparently various "types" --- orbits: "high and narrow" --- nose: "high and narrow" - "Indo-Afghan", "Eastern Mediterranean type": --- braincase: high, long --- ??? - "Pamir Ferghana type": --- braincase: "somewhat broader or round-headed" --- ??? in between E and NW: 2500-2000 BP Khotunsumbul: "Proto-European" only (1998 essay only) --- braincase: non-sloping(?) but straight(?) forehead high, unlike in earlier(?) "Proto-European type" people --- face as a whole: high, unlike in earlier(?) "Proto-European type" people --- orbits: high, unlike in earlier(?) "Proto-European type" people --- nose: narrow in between E and NW: 1800 BP Khotunsumbul: "Pamir Fergana" only (1998 essay only) --- generally: "some non-Caucasoid characteristics" --- braincase: relatively high and relatively short NW: 3890-3660 BP Ayala Mazar necropolis: - possibly not described by any anthropologist but Baumer's book features a picture of two mummified heads which can be described as follows: --- braincase: possibly rather broad in the male head at least; forehead wide in both of them at least --- hair: dark ("brown" at least if not "black", no trace of blondism according to the picture), straight or slightly wavy --- face as a whole: slightly elongated and at least relatively flat in the case of the female head --- orbits: large and rectangular, superciliare possibly slightly prominent in the male head --- cheekbones: apparently slightly thickened and laterally prominent --- nose: narrow in the female at least --- jaw angles: slightly prominent in the male at least NW: 2400-1800 BP Tudunmu cemetery in Zhaosuxian, SW Ili prefecture: - mostly resembling "Pamir Ferghana type", "Western Caucasoid" --- braincase: "shortened", broad --- orbits: wide, "moderately deep suborbital fossa" (no idea about the racial significance of this); glabella and superciliary arc prominent --- nose: moderately prominent Apart from that, the skull depicted in Han's essay from 1998 can be described as follos: --- braincase: low --- orbits: rather rectangular --- cheekbones: laterally prominent 2000 BP Mongghul Kura: "Pamir Fergana" > "Mongoloid" (1998 essay only) SW: 2900 or 2800-2500 BP Xiangbaobao/Shambabay cemetery, Tashkurgan: - "East Mediterranean"-like and "Saka"-like skull --- braincase: "small frontal slope" --- face as a whole: narrow --- orbits: "glabella projection" but "unpronounced superciliary arc" --- nose: narrow SW: 2200 BP Shanpula (Sampul) cemetery, Luopu in Khotan prefecture: - "East Mediterranean"-like and "Saka"-like according to Han Kangxin, whose opinion is different from that of Shao Xingzhou, who had classified them as predominately "Mongoloid" in 1988 --- braincase: high, "elongated" --- nose: narrow openings Apart from that, the skull depicted in Han's essay from 1998 can be described as follows: --- orbits: broad, low and rather recangular, prominent brow ridges --- cheekbones: relatively broad, thickened and prominent --- lower jaw: thick, slightly prominent jaw angles, very broad chin Sources: Baumer 2012: "The History of Central Asia: The Age of the Steppe Warriors" Han Kangxin 1994: "The Study of Ancient Human Skeletons from Xinjiang, China" Han Kangxin 1998: "The physical anthropology of the ancient populations of the Tarim Basin and surrounding areas" |
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