| Palaeolithic roots of East Asian Y-chromosome lineages; Y-DNA as it relates to the question of single or multiple colonizations, etc. | |
|---|---|
| Tweet Topic Started: Dec 7 2015, 02:25:09 PM (608 Views) | |
| Ebizur | Dec 7 2015, 02:25:09 PM Post #1 |
|
Advanced Member
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
F-M89: formed 65400 [62200 ~ 68600] ybp, TMRCA 47900 [45400 ~ 50500] ybp GHIJK-V2308: formed 47900 [45400 ~ 50500] ybp, TMRCA 47700 [45400 ~ 50100] ybp HIJK-M578: formed 47700 [45400 ~ 50100] ybp, TMRCA 47700 [45400 ~ 50100] ybp IJK-V1295: formed 47700 [45400 ~ 50100] ybp, TMRCA 46400 [43800 ~ 48900] ybp IJ-P130: formed 46400 [43800 ~ 48900] ybp, TMRCA 42600 [39900 ~ 45200] ybp K-M9: formed 46400 [43800 ~ 48900] ybp, TMRCA 43900 [41200 ~ 46700] ybp K1-M2372: formed 43900 [41200 ~ 46700] ybp, TMRCA 41800 [39000 ~ 44800] ybp K2-M526: formed 43900 [41200 ~ 46700] ybp, TMRCA 43500 [39700 ~ 47500] ybp Note that there is no significant difference between the TMRCA of K2-M526 and the TMRCA of F-M89. Also, note that I-M170 is not significantly more closely related to J-M304 than either is related to K-M9. In other words, I, J, and K2 may have been fellow members of a single expanding F-M89 population, with the direct patrilineal descendants of each subclade merely happening to flourish in one or another region over time. K2a-M2335: formed 43500 [39700 ~ 47500] ybp, TMRCA 41200 [37200 ~ 45300] ybp NO-M214: formed 41200 [95% CI 37200 ~ 45300] ybp, TMRCA 36600 [95% CI 34100 ~ 39200] ybp N-M231: formed 36600 [34100 ~ 39200] ybp, TMRCA 22000 [19800 ~ 24300] ybp O-M175: formed 36600 [34100 ~ 39200] ybp, TMRCA 30000 [28100 ~ 31900] ybp O1-F75: formed 30000 [28100 ~ 31900] ybp, TMRCA 28400 [26000 ~ 30800] ybp O1b-M268: formed 28400 [26000 ~ 30800] ybp, TMRCA 27600 [24700 ~ 30700] ybp vs. P-M1109: formed 43500 [39700 ~ 47500] ybp, TMRCA 31300 [29200 ~ 33400] ybp Q-F7839: formed 31300 [29200 ~ 33400] ybp, TMRCA 31700 [29300 ~ 34100] ybp R-M795: formed 31300 [29200 ~ 33400] ybp, TMRCA 27600 [25300 ~ 29900] ybp The TMRCA of R1, R2, and the Mal'ta specimen's Y-DNA is approximately equal to the TMRCA of O1b1-K18 (former O2a) and O1b2-M176 (former O2b). However, the MRCA of proto-R and proto-O1b lived approximately 16,000 [9,000 ~ 22,000] years before the time of proto-R and proto-O1b. I'll look at C and D lineages next time. |
![]() |
|
| Ebizur | Dec 8 2015, 08:59:58 AM Post #2 |
|
Advanced Member
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
C-M216: formed 65400 [62200 ~ 68600] ybp, TMRCA 48300 [45100 ~ 51500] ybp C1-K30: formed 48300 [45100 ~ 51500] ybp, TMRCA 48300 [45100 ~ 51500] ybp C1a-CTS8718: formed 48300 [45100 ~ 51500] ybp, TMRCA 47900 [43300 ~ 52700] ybp C2-M217: formed 48300 [45100 ~ 51500] ybp, TMRCA 34200 [31500 ~ 36900] ybp C2b-Z16724/FGC16327/Y4540: formed 34200 [31500 ~ 36900] ybp, TMRCA 14500 [13000 ~ 16100] ybp North Eurasian/American C2 C2e-Z1318/F1506: formed 34200 [31500 ~ 36900] ybp, TMRCA 11100 [9300 ~ 13000] ybp East Asian (Chinese Neolithic?) C2 I would like to know how the rest of East Asian C (Han, Yao, Tujia, Nanai, etc. C*) fits into the tree, but, at present, it appears that Japanese C1a1-M8 does not have any extant direct patrilineal relative significantly closer than the most recent common ancestor of C-M216 as a whole. Unlike C1, the C and C2 levels appear to be phylogenetically significant; all members of haplogroup C are significantly more closely related to one another (at least in the direct paternal line) than they are related to any other member of CF, and all members of haplogroup C2 are significantly more closely related to one another than they are related to any other member of haplogroup C. However, the split between North Eurasian/American C2-Z16724 and East Asian C2-Z1318 is quite ancient, being significantly older than the MRCA of extant members of each of those subclades. YFull also has one Southern Han individual whose Y-DNA shares only 14 SNPs with East Asian C2 vis-à-vis North Eurasian/American C2, and thus represents a third deep branch of C2. Although both TMRCA C and TMRCA F are significantly less than TMRCA CF, TMRCA C and TMRCA F are not significantly different from each other. Therefore, these TMRCA estimates do not provide any evidence on the basis of which to reject a hypothesis that C and F have been spread by an expansion of a single population, some of whose males carried C Y-DNA while others carried F Y-DNA. Additional support for such a hypothesis might be the lack of any pattern of autosomal difference between Mesolithic inhabitants of Europe who belonged to haplogroup I2 and Mesolithic inhabitants of Europe who belonged to haplogroup C1a2. |
![]() |
|
| Ebizur | Dec 8 2015, 12:33:04 PM Post #3 |
|
Advanced Member
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
DE-YAP: formed 68100 [64800 ~ 71400] ybp, TMRCA 65900 [62700 ~ 69200] ybp E-M5426: formed 65900 [62700 ~ 69200] ybp, TMRCA 54100 [50200 ~ 58200] ybp D-M174: formed 65900 [62700 ~ 69200] ybp, TMRCA 48500 [45200 ~ 51800] ybp D-F1612: formed 48500 [45200 ~ 51800] ybp, TMRCA 47700 [44500 ~ 50900] ybp D1-CTS11577: formed 47700 [44500 ~ 50900] ybp, TMRCA 45900 [42400 ~ 49500] ybp D1b-M55: formed 45900 [42400 ~ 49500] ybp, TMRCA 22600 [19000 ~ 26300] ybp As with F and C, all the levels between D and D1b are not really significant. In other words, Japanese D1b is not necessarily significantly more closely related population-wise to Tibetan/continental East Asian D1a-Z27276 than it is related to any other extant D despite the shared presence of four SNPs in D1a and D1b vis-à-vis the rest of D. Again, like O1b2-M176 (former O2b) and C1a1-M8, a deep rift between Japanese D Y-DNA and its nearest extant direct patrilineal relatives is apparent. I note that TMRCA CF is not significantly different from TMRCA DE, and none among TMRCA F, TMRCA C, TMRCA D, and TMRCA E is significantly different from any of the others (though TMRCA E is almost significantly greater than TMRCA F). Therefore, it is plausible that F, C, and D may all have begun to spread throughout Eurasia at around the same time as E has begun to spread throughout Africa. All these Y-DNA clades seem like they might be linked to the spread of a population bearing Upper Palaeolithic technology. |
![]() |
|
| ren | Dec 10 2015, 05:42:20 AM Post #4 |
|
Advanced Member
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
IJ corresponds to the Gravettian that originates in the Caucasus very much. I haplogroup went into Europe as the Gravettian that replaced Aurignacian C coming from Central Asia, while J remained behind. So IJ was a population that genetically likens to Caucasus hunter-gatherers, while Europeans are mainly attributable to them. |
![]() |
|
| Ebizur | Dec 10 2015, 08:08:52 AM Post #5 |
|
Advanced Member
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
As I have noted above, I-M170 is not significantly more closely related to J-M304 than either of those is related to K-M9 (and thence P-M45, O-M175, etc.). (When I say "differ significantly" in this context, I mean that the TMRCA confidence intervals of two clades do not overlap.) That is, members of I-M170 and members of J-M304 do share among themselves several SNPs that are not shared with any member of K-M9, but the TMRCAs are so close that the SNPs shared exclusively among I-M170 and J-M304 plausibly might have been accumulated over the course of only a few generations, such a short span of time that pre-I and pre-J might have existed in one and the same population as the MRCA of all K-M9. They might have already gone their separate ways, but they also might have still been together. On the other hand, the MRCA of all extant I-M170, which is the same as the MRCA of (I1+I2) as long as no basal I* is found, and the MRCA of (J1+J2) are both significantly more recent than the MRCA of all extant K-M9. Basically, what I am trying to say is that claims purporting some link between members of I-M170 and J-M304 as opposed to members of K-M9 are specious without additional evidence. A more cautious approach would treat each of haplogroups I, J, L, T, NO, MS, and QR (and perhaps some other minor clades, such as P(xQR)) separately. Or, in regard to your comment, if IJ has originated with bearers of the Gravettian culture from the Caucasus, then (most likely) so has K. |
![]() |
|
| ren | Dec 12 2015, 09:09:01 AM Post #6 |
|
Advanced Member
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
Small populations can develope a unique signature rapidly, such as the Mlabri, Kalash... and based on age estimates people have been postulating a Gravettian origin for I for years. The fact that J is now found to be from the Caucasus, the origin of Gravettian, just further solidify this. K cannot be associated with Gravettian. |
![]() |
|
| Ebizur | Dec 13 2015, 07:41:18 AM Post #7 |
|
Advanced Member
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
The evidence to which I have referred in my previous comment suggests that it is implausible to associate haplogroup IJ with the Gravettian in exclusion of haplogroup K. However, haplogroup I or haplogroup J may plausibly be associated with the Gravettian. As for haplogroup K, it has many extant subclades whose ancestors' lineages have become separate from one another at a very ancient date, not long after the MRCA of all extant haplogroup K. Pre-L, pre-T, pre-NO, pre-P, and pre-MS seem to reflect the continuation or latter end of the primary range expansion of bearers of haplogroup F-M89; making a clear distinction between haplogroup F and haplogroup K now seems to be a sort of special pleading, though it is originally most likely just a result of the coincidental discovery of the M9 SNP early in the process of investigating human Y-DNA diversity. (I lack data regarding the separation of pre-M from pre-S, but even pre-N and pre-O seem to have separated rather early, though they are at least significantly more closely related to one another than they are related to any other extant haplogroup besides the K2a-M2335* of that Telugu person.) Unless there is an inherent flaw in the methods used by YFull to estimate TMRCA, then it is plausible that the expansion of F-M89/K-M9 may have occurred at roughly the same time as the expansions of C-M130, D-M174, and E-M96, though the geographical distribution of each of those clades might have varied within the range of early Upper Palaeolithic AMHs. |
![]() |
|
| Ebizur | Jan 1 2016, 11:33:12 AM Post #8 |
|
Advanced Member
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
Estimates of TMRCA, in Chronological Order (cf. current version of YFull experimental tree) 54300 (50400 <-> 58300) ybp E-M96 > E1-P147 vs. E2-M75 53000 (49100 <-> 57000) ybp E1-P147 > E1a-M132 vs. (E1b1-P2 vs. E1b2-P75) 48300 (45100 <-> 51500) ybp C-M130 > C1-F3393 vs. C2-M217 48000 (43400 <-> 52700) ybp C1a-CTS11043 > C1a1-M8 (Japan) vs. C1a2-V20 (Europe + Nepal) (MRCA of Japanese C1a1-M8 with any other haplogroup.) 47900 (45400 <-> 50500) ybp F-M89 > F*-M89 (HG02040 Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City) vs. GHIJK-V2308 47700 (45400 <-> 50100) ybp GHIJK-V2308 > G-M201 vs. HIJK-M578 46900 (43900 <-> 50000) ybp D-M174 > D1-CTS11577 (East Asia + Japan) vs. D2 (Philippines) 46400 (43800 <-> 48900) ybp IJK-V1295 > IJ-P130 vs. K-M9 45500 (42300 <-> 48900) ybp H-L901 > H1-M69 vs. H2-P96 vs. H3-Z5857 45000 (41900 <-> 48200) ybp D1-CTS11577 > D1a-Z27276 vs. D1b-M64 (MRCA of Japanese D1b-M64 with any other haplogroup.) 43900 (41200 <-> 46700) ybp K-M9 > K1-CTS753 vs. K2-M526 43700 (40300 <-> 47200) ybp D1a-Z27276 > D1a1-F901 vs. D1a2-P99 43500 (39700 <-> 47500) ybp K2-M526 > K2a-M2335 vs. (K2b1-P397 vs. P-P295) vs. K2c-P261 vs. K2d-P402 42600 (39800 <-> 45400) ybp E1b1-P2 > E1b1a-V38 vs. E1b1b-M215 (MRCA between SSA E1b1a-V38 and Afro-Eurasian E1b1b-M215.) 42400 (39800 <-> 45200) ybp IJ-P130 > I-M170 vs. J-M304 42200 (39300 <-> 45100) ybp K1-CTS753 > L-M20 vs. T-M184 41200 (37100 <-> 45300) ybp K2a-M2335 > K2a*-M2335 vs. NO-M214 (There appears to be a lapse in diversification of AMH Y-DNA around this time. At this point, there existed separately the lineages leading to E1b1a-V38 (majority Y-DNA haplogroup of modern SSAs), E1b1b-M215 (most frequent subclade of E in modern Eurasians), E1b2-P75, E1a-M132, E2-M75, D1a1-F901, D1a2-P99, D1b-M64, D2-L1366, C2-M217, C1a1-M8, C1a2-V20, C1-F3393(xM8, V20), F-M89(xG, H, I, J, K), G-M201, H1-M69, H2-P96, H3-Z5857, I-M170, J-M304, K2a*-M2335 (UK Telugu "haplogroup X"), NO-M214, K2b1-P397 (macro-MS), P-P295, K2c-P261, K2d-P402, L-M20, and T-M184. YFull does not provide any information regarding whether C1-F3393(xM8, V20) had already split into its Australian, Wallacean-Melanesian-Polynesian, East Asian, and South Asian subclades or not, but it may be inferred from the dating of settlement of Australia that that clade, too, probably had already diversified by this time. The dates for diversification of Oceanian subclades of K2b1-P397 are also unclear.) ------------------------------------------------ 38100 (34200 <-> 42100) ybp H1-M69 > H1a-M52 vs. H1b-Z5867 vs. H1c-P254 36800 (34300 <-> 39300) ybp NO-M214 > N-M231 vs. O-M175 35000 (32400 <-> 37700) ybp E1b1b-M215 > E1b1b1-M35 vs. E1b1b2-V16/M281 34200 (31600 <-> 36900) ybp C2-M217 > C2a-F1067 vs. C2b-L1373 32000 (28100 <-> 36100) ybp H3-Z5857 > H3a-Z5866 vs. H3b-Z13871 31400 (29000 <-> 33800) ybp J-M304 > J1-M267 vs. J2-M172 31300 (29200 <-> 33400) ybp P-M1109 > Q-M242 vs. R-M207 30200 (28300 <-> 32100) ybp O-M175 > O1-F265 vs. O2-M122 29700 (27400 <-> 32000) ybp Q1-L274 > Q1a-L472 vs. Q1b-L275 28400 (26000 <-> 30900) ybp O1-F265 > O1a-M119 vs. O1b-M268 27900 (25800 <-> 30100) ybp J2-M172 > J2a-M410 vs. J2b-M102 27900 (25400 <-> 30500) ybp O2-M122 > O2a-M324 vs. O2b-CTS1754 27600 (24600 <-> 30800) ybp O1b-M268 > O1b1-K18 vs. O1b2-P49 (MRCA of Japanese & Korean O1b2-P49 with any other haplogroup.) 27600 (25300 <-> 29900) ybp R-Y482 > R1-M173 vs. R2-M479 27300 (25000 <-> 29600) ybp I-M170 > I1-L509 vs. I2-M438 26900 (24600 <-> 29400) ybp T-M184 > T*-M184 vs. T1-L206 26500 (24500 <-> 28500) ybp G-M201 > G1-M342 vs. G2-P287 26100 (24200 <-> 28000) ybp Q1a-L472 > Q1a1-F1096 vs. Q1a2-M346 24200 (22400 <-> 26100) ybp E1b1b1-M35 > E1b1b1a-V68 vs. E1b1b1b-Z827 23900 (21400 <-> 26600) ybp T1-L206 > T1*-L206 vs. T1a-M70 23900 (21200 <-> 26700) ybp Q1a1-F1096 > Q1a1a-F746 vs. Q1a1b-M25 (Q-F746 includes ancient aborigine of Saqqaq, Greenland plus Q-M120, found mostly in China but also in Vietnam, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Peru (!), etc. Q-M25 is widespread with low frequency in Western Eurasia.) 23500 (21700 <-> 25400) ybp O2a-M324 > O2a1-L465 vs. O2a2-P201 23300 (20800 <-> 25800) ybp O2a2-P201 > O2a2a-M188 vs. O2a2b-P164 (Most recent common ancestor between mainly Hmong-Mien or Austroasiatic O-M7 and mainly Sino-Tibetan, Austronesian, or Korean O-P164.) 22900 (19300 <-> 26600) ybp D1b-M64 > D1b1-Z1622 vs. D1b2-Z1516 22200 (19900 <-> 24500) ybp N-M231 > N1-Z4762 vs. N2-Y6503 22000 (19800 <-> 24200) ybp R1-M173 > R1a-M726 vs. R1b-M343 21800 (19500 <-> 24200) ybp O1b1-K18 > O1b1a-CTS10887 vs. O1b1b-PK4 21700 (20000 <-> 23400) ybp I2-M438 > I2a-L460 vs. I2c-L596 20700 (18800 <-> 22800) ybp G2-P287 > G2a-P15 vs. G2b-M3115 19900 (18100 <-> 21700) ybp Q1a2-M346 > Q1a2a-L53 vs. Q1a2b-Y2659 19700 (17500 <-> 21800) ybp G1-M342 > G1a-CTS11562 vs. G1b-L830 19100 (16100 <-> 22300) ybp E1a-M132 > E1a1-M44 vs. E1a2-Z958 18500 (16600 <-> 20500) ybp J1-M267 > J1a-Z2215 vs. J1b-Y6304 (Finland, Colombia) 18400 (16600 <-> 20300) ybp L-M20 > L1a-M2481 vs. L1b-M317 18400 (16500 <-> 20300) ybp O2a2b-P164 > O2a2b1-M134 vs. O2a2b2-F871 (O-F871 is former O-P164(xM134), found mainly in Austronesians but also with low frequency in East Asians.) 18200 (16400 <-> 20100) ybp R1a-M726 > R1a1-M459 vs. R1a2-YP4141 (Anglosphere) 18200 (16300 <-> 20200) ybp N1-Z4762 > N1a-F2905 (East Asia, esp. China) vs. N1b-L729 17800 (16100 <-> 19700) ybp Q1a2a-L53 > Q1a2a1-L54 vs. Q1a2a2-YP4000 (Chechen Republic) 17700 (16100 <-> 19300) ybp G2a-P15 > G2a1-Y5797 vs. G2a2-L1259 17400 (15500 <-> 19300) ybp L1a-M2481 > L1a1-M27 vs. L1a2-L1307/M357 17100 (15300 <-> 19000) ybp R1b1-L278 > (R1b1a1-L389 vs. R1b1a2-V88) vs. R1b1b-M335 17100 (15200 <-> 19000) ybp O2a2b1-M134 > O2a2b1a-PAGE23 vs. O2a2b1b-Y20/F114 (O-Y20 is former O-M134(xM117), common in mainstream East Asians and some Central Asians. O-PAGE23 is equivalent to O-M117, which is especially common in Tibeto-Burmans, but found in nearly every East and mainland Southeast Asian population.) 16800 (14800 <-> 18900) ybp O2a1-L465 > O2a1a-CTS727 vs. O2a1b-JST002611 16800 (15400 <-> 18300) ybp G2a2-CTS4367/L1259 > G2a2a-PF3146 vs. G2a2b-L30 16700 (15000 <-> 18400) ybp Q1a1b-M25 > Q1a1b1-L712 vs. Q1a1b2-YP1669 16600 (13600 <-> 19800) ybp D1b1-Z1622 > D1b1a-CTS6609 vs. D1b1b-M125 16200 (14900 <-> 17500) ybp Q1a2a1-L54 > (Q1a2a1a1-Z780 vs. Q1a2a1a2-M930) vs. Q1a2a1b-L330 16100 (13100 <-> 19200) ybp O1b1a-CTS10887 > O1b1a1-PF4341 vs. O1b1a2-F779 vs. O1b1a3-F417 16000 (13400 <-> 18700) ybp N1a-F2905 > N1a1-CTS12473 vs. N1a2-Z4784 16000 (14200 <-> 17900) ybp H1a-M52 > H1a1-M82 vs. H1a2-Z4469 15900 (14600 <-> 17300) ybp T1a-M70 > T1a1-L162 vs. T1a2-L131 vs. T1a3-Y11151 15600 (13600 <-> 17600) ybp G1a-CTS11562 > G1a*-CTS11562 (United Kingdom) vs. G1a1-Z3353 (Gujarati & Kuwait) 15200 (13500 <-> 17000) ybp T1a3-Y11151 > T1a3a-Y8614 vs. T1a3b-Y11675 15100 (13300 <-> 16900) ybp N1b-L729 > N1b1-L666 vs. N1b2-TAT 15000 (13500 <-> 16600) ybp Q1a2a1a2-M930 > Q1a2a1a2a-M3 vs. Q1a2a1a2b-L804 (Germanic Europe) 15000 (13000 <-> 17200) ybp E1b1a1a-L576 > E1b1a1a1-V43 vs. E1b1a1a2-Z5994 14900 (13200 <-> 16700) ybp Q1b-L275 > Q1b1-Y1150 vs. Q1b2-F1213 14600 (12000 <-> 17200) ybp G1a1-Z3353 > G1a1a-L1324 (Kuwait) vs. G1a1b-GG362/Z3189 (Gujarati) 14600 (13000 <-> 16300) G2a2b-L30 > G2a2b1-M406 (Italy & Turkey & Kazakhstan) vs. (G2a2b2a-P303 vs. G2a2b2b-PF3359) 14400 (12900 <-> 16100) ybp C2b-L1373 > C2b1-F1756 vs. (C2b2a-Y11990 vs. C2b2b-M48 vs. C2b2c-F1918) 14300 (12600 <-> 16100) ybp R1a1-M459 > R1a1a-M198 vs. R1a1b-YP1272 (Belarus, Tunis) 13500 (12000 <-> 15200) ybp R1b1a1a-P297 > R1b1a1a1-M478 (mainly Turkic, but also in e.g. Ukraine) vs. R1b1a1a2-M269 13300 (10900 <-> 15800) ybp O1a-M119 > O1a1-M307 vs. O1a2-M110 13300 (11000 <-> 15700) ybp N1a2a-Y6374 > N1a2a1-CTS7324 vs. N1a2a2-L727 13100 (10400 <-> 15900) ybp G2a2b2b-PF3359 > G2a2b2b*-PF3359 (CEU) vs. G2a2b2b1-PF3362 (Netherlands) 12800 (10700 <-> 15000) ybp O2a2b2a-Y20 > O2a2b2a1-F1725 (Japan, Vietnam) vs. O2a2b2a2-Y12 12700 (10200 <-> 15700) ybp O2a2b1-F871 > O2a2b1*-F871 (Philippines) vs. O2a2b1a-F2472 (China, Vietnam) 12600 (10600 <-> 14800) ybp O1b1b-PK4 > O1b1b1-CTS11792 vs. O1b1b2-M95 12600 (11500 <-> 13800) ybp Q1a2a1a2a-M3 > Q1a2a1a2a1-M848 vs. Q1a2a1a2a2-Y4303 12000 (10100 <-> 14100) ybp O2a2b2a2-Y12 > O2a2b2a2*-Y12 (NA18635 CHB) vs. O2a2b2a2a-CTS2643 11500 (9000 <-> 14200) ybp O1b1a3-F417 > O1b1a3*-F417 (NA19055 JPT) vs. O1b1a3a-CTS250 11500 (10100 <-> 13000) ybp G2a2a-PF3146 > G2a2a*-PF3146 (Punjab, Pakistan) vs. G2a2a1a-PF3177 (EEFs including Ötzi) 11200 (9400 <-> 13000) ybp C2a2-F2613 > C2a2a-F845 vs. (C2a2b1-CTS2657 vs. C2a2b2-Z8440) 11100 (9700 <-> 12600) ybp T1a2-L131 > T1a2a-Y6033 vs. T1a2b-Y13244 11000 (9300 <-> 12800) ybp J1b-Y6304 > J1b*-Y6304 (Finland) vs. J1b1-Y19093 (Colombia) 11000 (9300 <-> 12800) ybp O1b2-P49 > O1b2*-P49 vs. O1b2a-CTS9259 10900 (9600 <-> 12200) ybp G2a2a1a-PF3177 > G2a2a1a1-Y14918 (Cagliari, Sardinia & Low Countries) vs. G2a2a1a2-L91 (Indo-Europeans & Ötzi & Tunisia) vs. G2a2a1a*-PF3177 (Kvemo Kartli, Georgia) 10800 (9300 <-> 12400) ybp G2a2b2a-P303 > G-Z30503 vs. (G-Y18939 vs. (G-CTS342 vs. G-L497 vs. (G-L1266 vs. G-L13))) [Multifurcation of G2a2b2a-P303, which probably reflects rapid expansion of a Neolithic population in Europe.] 10700 (8300 <-> 13300) ybp O1b1b2-M95 > O1b1b2a-CTS10007 vs. (O1b1b2b1-M1280 vs. [O1b1b2b2a-CTS5854 vs. O1b1b2b2b-M111]) (Multifurcation of O-M95.) 10300 (9100 <-> 11600) ybp T1a3a-Y8614 > T1a3a1-Y12871 vs. T1a3a2-L1255 10100 (8800 <-> 11400) ybp E1b1a1a1-V43 > E1b1a1a1*-V43 vs. E1b1a1a1a-M4727 vs. E1b1a1a1b-Y1623 9800 (7600 <-> 12100) ybp G2a2a1a1-Y14918 > G2a2a1a1*-Y14918 (Cagliari, Sardinia) vs. G-Y15220 (Low Countries) 9300 (7700 <-> 11000) ybp G2a2a1a2-L91 > G2a2a1a2*-L91 (Tunisia) vs. G-Z6128 (Indo-Europeans & Ötzi) 9300 (8100 <-> 10500) ybp G2a1-Y5797 > G2a1a1-FGC693/Z6653 (Karachay-Cherkessia & Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti) vs. G2a1a2a-Z17775 (Cosenza, Italy & Punjabi) vs. G2a1*-Y5797(xG2a1a1, G2a1a2) 8900 (7700 <-> 10200) ybp T1a1a-L208 > T1a1a1-CTS11451 vs. T1a1a2-Y16897 8800 (6600 <-> 11100) ybp G-Z6128 > G-Z6128* (Cagliari, Sardinia) vs. G-PF3239 (Indo-Europeans & Ötzi) 8500 (7300 <-> 9800) ybp R1a1a-M198 > R1a1a1-M417 vs. R1a1a2-YP1051 8400 (6900 <-> 9900) ybp L1a2-L1307/M357 > L1a2*-L1307/M357 vs. L1a2a-Y6249 vs. L1a2b-M2398 8100 (6400 <-> 9900) ybp O1a1-M307 > O1a1a-CTS52 vs. O1a1b-F446 8000 (7000 <-> 9000) ybp J1a1a-Z1828 > J1a1a1-Z1842 vs. J1a1a2-Z18463 (Ukraine, Slovakia) 7600 (6000 <-> 9300) ybp N1b1-L666 > N1b1a-M128 (PRC Manchu-Tungus, Japanese, Kazakhs, Koreans, Han, Buyi, Vietnamese) vs. N1b1b-P43 (frequent in Siberian Uralic speakers) 7500 (6300 <-> 8700) ybp T1a2a-Y6033 > T1a2a1-Y7381 vs. T1a2a2-CTS933 7400 (5900 <-> 9100) ybp O1a1b-F446 > O1a1b1-CTS8920 vs. O1a1b2-F140 7400 (6100 <-> 8700) ybp O2a2b2a2a-CTS2643 > O2a2b2a2a1-CTS53 vs. O2a2b2a2a2-F634 vs. O2a2b2a2a3-F275 vs. O2a2b2a2a4-CTS3776 (Multifurcation of O-M134(xM117), indicating rapid population growth.) 7200 (6100 <-> 8300) ybp N1b2a1-L708 > N1b2a1a-Y9022 (Penza Oblast & Komi Republic) vs. N1b2a1b-M2126 (Estonia, Finland, etc.) 7100 (5700 <-> 8500) ybp O2a2b2b1-M1706 > O2a2b2b1*-M1706 (Beijing, Tokyo, Cebu) vs. O2a2b2b1a-CTS5063 vs. O2a2b2b1b-M1726 vs. O2a2b2b1c-Y8389 vs. O2a2b2b1d-CTS7634 vs. O2a2b2b1e-F438 vs. O2a2b2b1f-CTS1642 (Multifurcation of O-M117, indicating rapid population growth.) 7000 (5600 <-> 8400) ybp G2a1a1-FGC693/Z6653 > G2a1a1a1-Z6692 (Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti) vs. G2a1a1a2-FGC1159 (Karachay-Cherkessia) 7000 (5000 <-> 9100) ybp G-PF3239 > G-PF3143 (Cagliari, Sardinia & Puerto Rico) vs. G-L166 (Indo-Europeans & Ötzi) 7000 (5000 <-> 9100) ybp O1b2a1-K10 > O1b2a1*-K10 vs. O1b2a1a1-K4 vs. O1b2a1a2-47z 6900 (5000 <-> 8900) ybp L1a2b1-Z5920 > L1a2b1a-Y12419 vs. L1a2b1b-Z5921 6800 (5700 <-> 7900) ybp R1b1a2-V88 > R1b1a2a-M18 vs. R1b1a2b-V35 vs. R1b1a2c-Y7771 vs. R1b1a2d-FGC20973 (Multifurcation of "Afro-Asiatic" R1b.) 6700 (5400 <-> 8100) ybp L1a1-M27 > L1a1a-Z5924 vs. L1a1b-SK1426 (First split within the largely Aryo-Dravidian L1a1-M27. At least L1a1b-SK1426 is occasionally also found in Gulf Arabs.) 6500 (5700 <-> 7400) ybp J1a1a1-Z1842 > J1a1a1a-Y4423 vs. J1a1a1b-Y10734 (Chechen Republic, Vologda Oblast) 6400 (5500 <-> 7300) ybp R1b1a1a2-M269 > R1b1a1a2a-L23 vs. R1b1a1a2b-PF7562 (Belarus, Turkey) 6100 (4300 <-> 8100) ybp G-FGC5672 > G-FGC5672* (Ötzi) vs. G-Z6494 (Lahore & Cagliari & Thuringia) 5800 (4500 <-> 7100) ybp O1a1b2-F140 > O1a1b2a-B388 vs. O1a1b2b-CTS2458 5600 (4000 <-> 7200) ybp G2b-M3115 > G2b1a-M283 (Punjabi) vs. G2b1b-Y12975 (Jews?) 5500 (4800 <-> 6200) ybp R1a1a1-M417 > R1a1a1a-Z645 vs. R1a1a1b-CTS4385 5000 (3400 <-> 6800) ybp G-Z6494 > G-Z6494* (Punjabi in Lahore) vs. G-Z6211 (Cagliari & Thuringia) 4600 (3000 <-> 6400) ybp O1b1a3a-CTS250 > O1b1a3a*-CTS250 (YF02670 Hubei, PRC) vs. O1b1a3a1-F2760 4600 (3600 <-> 5700) G1a1a-L1324 > G1a1a2-L1323 vs. G1a1a4-Y14913 (Kuwait) 4100 (3300 <-> 4900) ybp N1b1b-P43 > N1b1b1-VL67 vs. N1b1b2-Y3185 3700 (2300 <-> 5100) ybp O1a1b2b-CTS2458 > O1a1b2b1-Y13984 vs. O1a1b2b2-F492 1950 (1400 <-> 2600) ybp C2b2b-M48 > C2b2b1-Y15849 vs. C2b2b2-Y15550 Do you notice anything interesting? The first thing to jump out at me is the closeness of the TMRCA of Q1a2a1a2-M930, which includes a well-known American branch (Q-M3) and a somewhat obscure Northwest European branch (Q-L804), and the TMRCA of C2b-L1373, which includes various clades of Y-DNA spread across Northern Eurasia and America. It is plausible that both clades may have expanded in tandem, both into and across the American continent(s) and across sparsely inhabited parts of Northern Eurasia. Roughly speaking, the direct patrilineal descendants of Q-M930 have been relatively prolific in America, whereas the direct patrilineal descendants of C2b-L1373 have been relatively prolific in Eurasia; perhaps it could alternatively be said that Q-M930 has been more successful on the front wave of the expansion, while C-L1373 has been more successful near the origin of the expansion, assuming that northeastern Eurasia really is the source of this hypothetical population expansion. (Of course, what might have been the motivation for such a population expansion? Warming of the climate after the LGM? Alternatively, might there have been a migration from North America into northeastern Siberia soon after initial human colonization of the American continent and concomitant population growth?) |
![]() |
|
| 1 user reading this topic (1 Guest and 0 Anonymous) | |
| « Previous Topic · Y-chromosome: CF · Next Topic » |





![]](http://z6.ifrm.com/static/1/pip_r.png)



