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NE RFE ethnographic and genetic backgrounds
Topic Started: Apr 28 2007, 04:00:53 AM (351 Views)
black man
The Right Hand
[ *  *  * ]
Znamenski 1999: "Vague Sense of Belonging to the Russian Empire": The Reindeer Chukchi's Status in Nineteenth Century Northeastern Siberia
p. 24
Quote:
 
despite the apparently hostile relationships among some natives, an interest in mutual trade relations predominated over warfare. In other words, indigenous groups were connected through regular exchange, family relations, and constant population fluctuations. Like local Russians and mixedbloods, Evens and Chuvans readily married into the Chukchi bands. In addition, by breeding their animals with the reindeer of the subjugated natives in the west, the Chukchi significantly improved their herds. From coastal natives, nomadic camps received various marine products. In return, the tundra dwellers provided western and eastern sedentary coastal populations with reindeer skins and meat.


So conflict was sort of a luxury and interbreeding relatively normal.

p. 26
Quote:
 
impoverished Yukagir, Evenki, and Chuvan families regularly following the Chukchi camps in the role of "spongers" who subsided on "hand-outs" and "left-overs" from the reindeer nomads. According to Jochelson, such widespread Chukchi benevolence corrupted neighboring natives and Creoles, who were frequently distracted from hunting and fishing and were used to the life of "freeloaders" (Jochelson 1900:165, 189-190).


Same maybe with women. THe ancestors of the Chukchi might have been too isolated for millenia to act more ethnically when newcomers arrived.

Hg profiles:

Yukaghirs:
lower Kolyma mtDNA: C2a, C2b, C3, G1 (all more than 10%), Z among others/Volodko 2008
upper and lower Kolyma Y: n=13, M146: 4, P36: 4, M86: 2, C-M48+/M86-: 1, C-M48-: 1, F(xK): 1/Pakendorf 2007

Chuvans:
mtDNA: A2a, A2b, C2a, C2b, G1, Z among others/Volodko 2008

Chukchi:
mtDNA: A2a, A2b, C2a, C3, G1 among others/Volodko 2008
Y: M146+, M45+/M3-, M3+, M48 (one case), R1a (once), n=24/Lell 2002

Koryak:
mtDNA: A (5%), C, G1, Y (10%), Z (6%), D (2%)/Pakendorf 2007
Y: M48+ (most likely to be M77-), C-M48-, M45+/M3-, M146+ (all more than 10%, n=27)/Lell 2002




Volodko et al. suggested that mtDNA hgs Z1 and G1 are NE Siberian. (Concerning Z1, that's not necessarily true if Pakendorf's "Z" hg Nyukzha Evenks turn out to belong to the Z1 branch, too. See the Evenk data of Pakendorf et al.) G1 could actually be predominately Kamchatkan. See Schurr's paper from 1999, in which he also mentions Itelmen mtDNA, though I don't know whether the marker/s for the G1 branch were tested, too. Now there is additionally Eltsov's article which indirectly suggests that mtDNA hg C in NE Siberians could be from central Siberian (supposedly proto-Uralian/proto-Yukaghir) regions.

Malyarchuk writes that Koryak C3 y hts are very different from Mongolic ones. Also, the frequencies make it very likely that there is ancient M217 in NE Siberia. Further, there is also y hg Q in NE Siberia which could be Eskaleut in Chukchi cases but doesn't need to be. On the other hand, as far as I remember, Karafet et al. reported a low age of hg N in Siberia. This could mean a recent expansion to NE Siberia, too.

Btw, a potentially interesting picture of pre-Tungusic central Siberian aborigines might be reconstructed at this point: y hg N (suspected in many studies to include relatively many impotent men) in combination with mtDNA hg C seem to have been most typical.

.... possibly going to be updated
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