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black man
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May 12 2018, 10:39:43 PM
Post #1
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Apparently, two major hgs of the 卡 Ka period Bronze Age sample from 3300 to 3000 years ago, C and M10, were absent from the Han period sample. Instead, the Han period sample featured a high frequency of samples in hg D5. Nevertheless, Shangsunjia cranial samples from both of these periods cluster with Lijiashan samples rather than with Anyang Yinxiu and Huoshaogou samples in fig. 4 of Tan et al. 2013. So there must could have been some noteworthy level of continuity as well.
Interestingly, Zhang Jun 1993 associated Lijiashan cranial samples with Morant's "Tibetan B" samples, which the latter supposed to be Khampa skulls and a statistical position in between "East Asian and Northeast Asian types". That said, the English abstract of his essay seems to emphasise nose prominence as one feature making them possibly more similar to "Northeast Asians" than to "East Asian". I didn't read the full text of the latter paper. But judging from the literature of which I'm aware, I'd say, this interlinks the relatively wide-spread descriptions of Khampas as looking "like American Indians" with, e.g., what Levin wrote about a "Primor'e type" defined by partly "Americanoid" features in the literature review on p. 102 of his book from 1958.
At present https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datong_Hui_and_Tu_Autonomous_County Datongxian 大通县 Datongxian is btw inhabited by the Monguor people, who are probably descendants of Tibeto-Burmans and Han who speak a Mongolic language. I.e., if any significant number of people stayed there, additional admixtures must have altered local phenotypes.
Sources: Levin 1958 Tan Jingze et al. 2013: "Craniometrical evidence for population admixture between Eastern and Western Eurasians in Bronze Age southwest Xinjiang"; doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5459-6 Zhang Jun 1993: "青海李家山卡约文化墓地人骨种系研究" Zhang Pengyin et al. 2013: "青海大通上孙家寨古代居民 mtDNA 遗传分析"
English abstract of Zhang Jun's essay: http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbCode=cjfd&QueryID=19&CurRec=4&filename=KGXB199303003&dbname=CJFD9093
- Quote:
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The human skulls described in this paper were collected from the Kayue culture cemetery at Lijiashan, Qinghai, which goes back to 2740±150 BP known by 14C-dating of human bones from the cemetery. Among the 24 skulls examined, 16 belong to males and 8 to females. Besides morphological observation and typological classification, a multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and principal component analysis) is made to 13 measurement items. In morphology, these skulls show obvious homogeneity, all belonging to Mongoloids. Their common morphological characteristics are: meso-dolichocrany, meso-orthocrany and meso-acrocrany; middle frontal slope, high and wide face, strong flatness of upper facial part in transverse plane and middle flatness of middle facial part; mesoconchy; meso-leptorrhiny, middle degree of nasal projection; and brachystaphyiny. One of them is obviously different from the rest, with short and wide cranial shape, very strong facial flatness and leptorrhiny, etc., and close to the North Asian type of Mongoloids in character. A comparative study in cranial and facial character shows that the Lijiashan group does not much resemble any of the regional types of Asian Mongoloids. Thus, it is close to the North Asian Mongoloid in facial shape but different from the latter in cranial shape. It differs from the East Asian Mongoloid for the more high and wide face, more small frontal slope and more obvious nasal projection. It seems to be close to the Northeast Asian Mongoloid, but we have no enough rea son both in morphological character and geographic distribution to refer it to this type. As regards its relationship with the South Asian Mongoloid, there are distinct differences between them in cranial and facial character. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis show that the Lijiashan group is rather similar to Tibetan B, and thus display clear homogeneity between them. The two groups lie approximately in the middle position between the East Asian and Northeast Asian types, and are far from the North Asian type and more ther from Tibetan A. To sum up, both the Lijiashan group and Tibetan B exhibit a certain similarity to as well as distinction from each regional type of Asian Mongoliods. It still calls for further evidence and research work to class the Lijiashan group as a special racial type in morphology. Finally, it should be pointed out that the homogeneity of the Kayue and Tibetan populations indicates that there existed a physico-morphological type which resembled the modern East Tibetan population in Northwest China at the latest before the Western Zhou dynasty. This provides an important clue that the modern Tibetan and ancient Qiang people in Northwest China have a commom racial origin in physical anthropology.
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