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Y and mtDNA hg profiles of Korean samples from China
Topic Started: Mar 10 2017, 05:59:40 AM (282 Views)
black man
The Right Hand
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Dongbei sample of Xue et al. 2006 when three probably WEA hts in paragroups are ignored:
n=22
C: 3=13,6% (6/67=9,0% when one adds the samples of Zhong et al. 2011 and 16/145=11,0% when one moreover adds the samples of Katoh et al. 2006)
N: 1=4,5% (4/67=6,0% when one adds the samples of Zhong et al. 2011)
O2-M95-, SRY465-: 1=4,5% (3=100=3% when one adds the "O*" samples of Zhong et al. 2011)
O2-SRY465+, 47z-: 5=22,7%
O2-47z+: 2=9,1%
O3-M122+: 10=45,5%

=> as for the samples of Xue et al. 2006, there don't seem to be any extreme differences from the y hg profiles of the southern Korean samples of Kim et al. 2010. Judging from the low sample size, the presence of O2-M95-, SRY465- might surprise, though. This is also worth mentioning since this paragroup is present in other northern Chinese minority minzu as well.

Neimenggu Arunqi sample of Kong et al. 2003:
n=48
B4: 3=6,3%
B5: 2=4,2%
D(xD5): 11=22,9%
D5(xD5a): 5=10,4%
G: 8=16,7% (mostly "G2")
M7: 4=8,3%

=> so D4 appears to be less common than in the southern Korean samples of Hong et al. 2014, while G seems to be more common than in the latter. Further, B4 appears to be less common than in the "Seoul-Gyeonggi" and "Chungcheong" samples of Hong et al. 2014. I.e., the Arunqi sample of Kong et al. 2003 confirm the possibility of distinctive tendencies in northern Korean mtDNA hg profiles when the latter are compared with southern Korean ones.

Sources:
Hong et al. 2014: "Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and homogeneity in the Korean population"; doi: 10.1007/s13258-014-0194-9
Kim et al. 2010: "Y chromosome homogeneity in the Korean population"; doi: 10.1007/s00414-010-0501-1
Kong et al. 2003: "Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China"; doi: 10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7
Xue et al. 2006: "Male Demography in East Asia"; doi: 10.1534/genetics.105.054270
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Ebizur
Advanced Member
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black man
Mar 10 2017, 05:59:40 AM
Dongbei sample of Xue et al. 2006 when three probably WEA hts in paragroups are ignored:
n=22
C: 3=13,6%
N: 1=4,5%
O2-M95-, SRY465-: 1=4,5%
O2-SRY465+, 47z-: 5=22,7%
O2-47z+: 2=9,1%
O3-M122+: 10=45,5%

=> there don't seem to be any extreme differences from the y hg profiles of the southern Korean samples of Kim et al. 2010. Judging from the low sample size, the presence of O2-M95-, SRY465- might surprise, though. This is also worth mentioning since this paragroup is present in other northern Chinese minority minzu as well.
The frequencies of O-M122 subclades in that sample are peculiar (e.g. zero O-M134(xM117); the frequency of O-M134(xM117) among South Koreans averages about 9.5%, so two individuals out of the 25 in that sample may be expected to belong to that clade), perhaps due to sampling error. The very small sample size makes that likely in my opinion.

An average of about 2% of South Koreans belong to O-P31(xM95, M176), so we should expect with equal probability either one or zero individuals in a sample of 25 ethnic Koreans in China to belong to O-P31(xM95, M176) under a hypothesis that the gene pool of the Korean ethnos is a perfectly homogeneous mixture.

Data that I have seen to date indicate that all extant O-P31(xM95, M176) Y-chromosomes belong either to O-F838 (i.e. O-PK4(xM95)) or O-CTS10887 (i.e. O-K18(xPK4)). Of these two clades, O-CTS10887 is the more common, and it seems to be an important Y-DNA haplogroup among Han Chinese (probably since at least the time of the Han dynasty if one is to judge from the apparent membership of the clan of Cao Cao in this clade). Yan et al. 2011 have found O-P31(xPK4, M176), which should be practically equivalent to O-CTS10887, in 8/129 = 6.2% of Han males with origins in North China, 8/167 = 4.8% of Han males with origins in East China, and 2/65 = 3.1% of Han males with origins in South China for a total of 18/361 = 5.0% O-P31(xPK4, M176) in their sample of Han Chinese male volunteers at Fudan University in Shanghai.

O-F838 is significantly (probably at least 6,000 and more likely about 10,000 years) more closely related to O-M95 than O-CTS10887 is related to O-M95, and, as one might expect, O-F838 appears to exhibit a southerly bias like its cousin O-M95: Yan et al. 2011 have found O-PK4(xM95) in 3/65 = 4.6% of Han with origins in South China, but only 1/129 = 0.8% of Han with origins in North China and 1/167 = 0.6% of Han with origins in East China.

I vaguely recall that the O-P31(xM95, M176) Y-DNA among the Yao of Guangxi (Bama) is very uniform in its Y-STR haplotypes, and appears to be closely related with Manchu representatives of this clade, which makes me suspect that both the O-P31(xM95, M176) Manchu and the O-P31(xM95, M176) Yao are descendants of Han Chinese who have expanded recently from a geographically intermediate area (i.e. China proper). I would be inclined to tentatively link Korean members of O-P31(xM95, M176) to the aforementioned expansive cluster found in at least Manchu and Yao, but I do not recall having compared their haplotypes, and I am somewhat dissuaded by the finding in NA19055 (an individual from the JPT sample of the 1000 Genomes Project) of O-F417(xCTS250) Y-DNA. According to YFull, O-F417 is one of three subclades of O-CTS10887 that should share a MRCA about 15,900 [12,900 <-> 19,000] ybp. Three Chinese (including an ethnic Dai from the HGDP) members of O-CTS250 have an intraclade TMRCA of about 4,600 [3,200 <-> 6,500] ybp, but the interclade TMRCA between O-CTS250 and the aforementioned Japanese member of O-F417(xCTS250) is estimated to be 11,400 [8,900 <-> 14,000] ybp, presenting a fairly deep split. (For comparison, YFull has estimated an intraclade TMRCA for O-F838 of 9,700 [7,600 <-> 12,400] ybp, an intraclade TMRCA for O-M95 of 10,800 [9,500 <-> 12,200] ybp, and an interclade TMRCA for O-F838 and O-M95 of 12,500 [11,000 <-> 14,100] ybp.) It is possible that some Korean members of O-P31(xM95, M176) might be more closely related to NA19055 than they are related to the majority of O-P31(xM95, M176) individuals in China. (Judging from the typical pattern in South Korea, most of the Koreans should be closely related to Chinese, with a minority being more closely related to Japanese who belong to clades that are extremely rare or absent in China.)

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black man
The Right Hand
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JCA
Mar 11 2017, 01:45:56 PM
black man
Mar 10 2017, 05:59:40 AM
Dongbei sample of Xue et al. 2006 when three probably WEA hts in paragroups are ignored:
n=22
C: 3=13,6%
N: 1=4,5%
O2-M95-, SRY465-: 1=4,5%
O2-SRY465+, 47z-: 5=22,7%
O2-47z+: 2=9,1%
O3-M122+: 10=45,5%

=> there don't seem to be any extreme differences from the y hg profiles of the southern Korean samples of Kim et al. 2010. Judging from the low sample size, the presence of O2-M95-, SRY465- might surprise, though. This is also worth mentioning since this paragroup is present in other northern Chinese minority minzu as well.
The frequencies of O-M122 subclades in that sample are peculiar (e.g. zero O-M134(xM117); the frequency of O-M134(xM117) among South Koreans averages about 9.5%, so two individuals out of the 25 in that sample may be expected to belong to that clade), perhaps due to sampling error. The very small sample size makes that likely in my opinion.

An average of about 2% of South Koreans belong to O-P31(xM95, M176), so we should expect with equal probability either one or zero individuals in a sample of 25 ethnic Koreans in China to belong to O-P31(xM95, M176) under a hypothesis that the gene pool of the Korean ethnos is a perfectly homogeneous mixture.
Are you referring to the "Korea" sample of Xue et al. 2006? According to table 2 of Xue et al. 2006, it is probably from Seoul. When we ignore J and K* in this particular sample, its profile is like this:
n=41
C: 7=17,1%
D: 1=2,4%
NO-M214+, M175-, LLY22g-: 1=2,4%
N-LLY22g+: 1=2,4%
O2-M95-, SRY465-: 1=2,4%
O2-SRY465+, 47z-: 6=14,6%
O2-47z+: 6=14,6%
O3-M122+: 17=41,5%
P(xR1a): 1=2,4%

But maybe it should also be pooled with the "Seoul-Gyeonggi" sample of Kim et al. 2011. If so, the pooled profiles will be like this:
n=150
C: 22=14,7%
D: 2=1,3%
NO-M214+, M175-: 4=2,7% (featuring two different hgs in case of the samples of Xue et al. 2006 at least)
O1: 1=0,7%
O2-M95-, SRY465-: 1=0,7%
O2-SRY465+, 47z-: 29=19,3%
O2-47z+: 14=9,3%
O3-M122+: 73=48,7%
P(xR1a): 4=2,7%

So one still can't tell much about N and O2* judging from the Korean samples alone. But Q apparently being absent from Dongbei Koreans, the latter might be more similar to other non-Seoul Koreans whose samples researchers already examined: as Kim et al. revealed in the supplemental materials of another paper, these are the details concerning Q in their samples when compared with those of other different teams:
"Seoul-Gyeonggi" (Kim et al. 2011): 3/109=2,8%
Seoul (Park et al. 2012): 12/572=2,1%
"Gangwon" (Kim et al. 2011): 1/63=1,6%
"Chungcheong" (Kim et al. 2011): 1/72=1,4%
"Gyeongsang" (Kim et al. 2011): 1/82=1,2%
"Jeju" (Kim et al. 2011): 1/86=1,2%
Daejeon (Park et al. 2012): 1/132=0,8%
Dongbei (Xue et al. 2006 and Zhong et al. 2011): (0+0)/(22+45)=0%
"Jeolla" (Kim et al. 2011): 0/89=0%
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