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High levels of admixtures in "Seoul-Gyeonggi" and "Chungcheong" samples?
Topic Started: Mar 5 2017, 03:28:19 PM (289 Views)
black man
The Right Hand
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"Seoul-Gyeonggi" and "Chungcheong" samples of Kim et al. 2010 and Hong et al. 2014 feature relatively many individuals in the following y and mtDNA hgs:

y hg "O3": "Seoul-Gyeonggi": 51%; "Chungcheong": 50%
mtDNA hg A: "Chungcheong": 11,1%; "Seoul-Gyeonggi": 9,7%
mtDNA hg B4: "Seoul-Gyeonggi": 15,7%; "Chungcheong": 12,8%
mtDNA hg M8 (probably featuring C and Z): "Chungcheong": 10,3%

Sources:
Hong et al. 2014: "Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and homogeneity in the Korean population"; doi: 10.1007/s13258-014-0194-9
Kim et al. 2010: "Y chromosome homogeneity in the Korean population"; doi: 10.1007/s00414-010-0501-1




I don't know about the updated mtDNA hg profiles of northern Han Chinese. While the percentages concerning "Seoul-Gyeonggi" and "Chungcheong" samples indicate something of potential interest, they are possibly too low to imply anything more specific. Therefore, maybe only updated Han Chinese and other mtDNA profiles could reveal the probable backgrounds of the samples mentioned above.
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Ebizur
Advanced Member
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Myung Jin Park et al. 2012 have found O-M122 in 242/573 = 42.2% of their sample of Koreans from Seoul (Gyeonggi) and 55/133 = 41.4% of their sample of Koreans from Daejeon (Chungcheong). Part of this difference from the results of Kim et al. 2010 may be ascribed to sampling error, but I suspect that part of it may reflect a difference in collection methods: Park et al., being fundamentally a team specializing in forensic genetics at Yonsei University in Seoul, seem to have collected DNA from male patients who have accepted an invitation at a hospital in Seoul or Daejeon to donate their DNA for study. The birthplaces of some of these individuals may be in neither Gyeonggi nor Chungcheong; the fact that Seoul is a metropolis that attracts multitudes of migrants from all over South Korea and Daejeon is the Chungcheong region's largest city (and, until five years ago, the official capital of South Chungcheong Province) makes it plausible that a significant percentage of males seeking treatment at a local hospital and volunteering their DNA to the team of researchers at Yonsei may be migrants from elsewhere in Korea.

On the other hand, Soon-Hee Kim et al. 2010 seem to have set out to test the homogeneity of the Y-DNA distribution in South Korea, so they may have selected their samples more stringently according to province of birth.

In any case, Chungcheong and especially Gyeonggi are located in a part of the Korean Peninsula where a relatively large influence of roughly Han-era (c. 2,000 years before present) Chinese DNA should be expected. I suspect that there should be an even greater Chinese influence in Hwanghae and Pyeong'an provinces of North Korea because much of the northwestern quarter of Korea appears to have been Chinese territory for some time in recorded history.
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black man
The Right Hand
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addendum:

Q is relatively common in Seoul in particular, it seems:

"Seoul-Gyeonggi" (Kim et al. 2011): 3/109=2,8%
Seoul (Park et al. 2012): 12/572=2,1%
"Gangwon" (Kim et al. 2011): 1/63=1,6%
"Chungcheong" (Kim et al. 2011): 1/72=1,4%
"Gyeongsang" (Kim et al. 2011): 1/82=1,2%
"Jeju" (Kim et al. 2011): 1/86=1,2%
Daejeon (Park et al. 2012): 1/132=0,8%
Dongbei (Xue et al. 2006 and Zhong et al. 2011): (0+0)/(22+45)=0%
"Jeolla" (Kim et al. 2011): 0/89=0%

Sources: see above plus
Kim et al. 2011: "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea"; doi: 10.1186/2041-2223-2-10
Xue et al. 2006: "Male demography in East Asia"; doi: 10.1534/genetics.105.054270
Zhong et al. 2011: "Extended y chromosome investigation"; doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq247




old post:

interesting that you mentioned y hg N in the other thread. Its frequency actually appears to be relatively low in the Daejeon samples of Park et al. 2012, too.

- "Seoul-Gyeonggi" and "Chungcheong" "NO*" samples of Kim et al. 2010 pooled: 5/182=2,7%
- all other "NO*" samples of Kim et al. 2010 pooled: 18/324=5,6%

Daejeon data according to the xls supplementary file of Park et al. 2012:
n=132 (excluding one "J1" sample)
C: 15=11,4%
D: 5=3,8%
N: 4=3,0%
O-M119+, P203-: 1=0,8%
O-P203+: 3=2,3%
O-P31+, M95-, SRY465-: 3=2,3%
O-M176+ in total: 45=34,1%
O-M122+ in total: 55=41,7%
Q: 1=0,8%

Seoul data deduced according to the main pdf and the xls supplementary file of Park et al. 2012:
n=572 (excluding one "R" sample)
C: 91-15=76=13,3%
D: 18-5=13=2,3%
N: 27-4=23=4,0%
O-M119+, P203-: 3-1=2=0,3%
O-P203+: 19-3=16=2,8%
O-P31+, M95-, SRY465-: 10-3=7=1,2%
O-M176+ in total: 226-45=181=31,6%
O-M122+ in total: 297-55=242=42,3%
Q: 13-1=12=2,1%
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Ebizur
Advanced Member
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The resolution of minority haplogroups in published samples of Koreans has been regrettably low, but Wells et al. 2001 have reported that an individual in their Korean sample belongs to Q-M120:

Korean/Wells et al. (2001)
3/45 = 6.7% D-M174
7/45 = 15.6% C-M130(xM48)
1/45 = 2.2% F-M89(xI-M170, J2-M172, H1a1-M52)
1/45 = 2.2% K-M9(xO-M175, L-M20, N1a1-M46, P1-M45)
14/45 = 31.1% O-M175(xO1a-M119, O1b1a1a-M95, O2-M122)
16/45 = 35.6% O2-M122
2/45 = 4.4% O1a-M119
1/45 = 2.2% Q1a1a1-M120

It is possible that some Korean members of haplogroup Q might belong to subclades other than Q-M120, but the presence of this subclade, which seems to have been closely correlated with the distribution of Han Chinese for at least the past two millennia, in this sample of Koreans when considered alongside the negligibly low frequency of haplogroup Q in Japan (where the team of Nonaka et al. also have found it in the form of Q-M120 in one individual in their sample from Saitama Prefecture) suggests to me that its presence in Korea is probably yet another trace of Chinese genetic influence in the Korean Peninsula since the Han era.

Actually, even at fairly high resolution (cf. So Yeun Kwon et al. 2015), it seems difficult to distinguish Korean and Chinese Y-DNA. The only salient difference seems to be that Koreans exhibit some Japanese influence or residual affinity. One of the most anciently recorded legends concerning the Korean people may be interpreted to suggest that their ethnogenesis has involved the expulsion or exclusion of a certain tribe (represented by a Tiger totem) and the marriage of a woman/women of another tribe (represented by a Bear totem) with a foreign man or men ("son of the Lord of Heaven" -- perhaps having some connection to China). Most Korean Y-DNA seems to be shared in a recent (well, at least post-Neolithic) time frame with Han Chinese, but the affinities of modern Korean mtDNA are more ambiguous. Like their Y-DNA, a bit of their mtDNA seems to reflect some ancestry shared exclusively with populations of Japan, but Korean mtDNA is overall less clearly related to Han Chinese mtDNA than Korean Y-DNA is related to Han Chinese Y-DNA, and it may better indicate the ancestry of the original Koreans. On the other hand, if the aforementioned legend of Bear Woman and August/Mighty Male is taken at face value, it should date back to the introduction of Neolithic culture to the ethnic ancestors of the Koreans (which might actually be shared to some extent at that time depth with the Japanese) and reflect a Neolithic "Chinese" influence that has brought O-M176 and O-P201(xM7, P164) to Korea and/or Japan. Bear Woman was apparently a Paleolithic or Mesolithic troglodyte.
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