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MtDNA hg and y hg profiles of samples from Jeju-do
Topic Started: Mar 4 2017, 01:45:31 PM (327 Views)
black man
The Right Hand
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According to Hong et al. 2014, the Koreans whose N9a frequency is the possibly highest within southern Korea are from Jeolla and those whose mtDNA hg Y frequency is perhaps the highest within southern Korea are from Jeju-do. Jeolla and Jeju-do being geographically relatively close to each other, we should keep in mind that both N9a and Y are branches of N9. Moreover, there could be links to N9 in (Nivkh and peripheral Tungusic) Amur populations as well as to N9 in peripheral Japanese. So, if you were searching for a prehistoric "partner" lineage of mtDNA hg N9 after having seen some Nivkh hg distribution profiles, that would seem to be y hg C rather than y hg Q under these circumstances. That said, I don't know much about the physical anthropology of Jeju-do. Possibly, there were some local Korean publications on it. But even such publications would probably be hard to find for those of us who are not specialised on Korean studies.

Sources:
Hong et al. 2014: "Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and homogeneity in the Korean population"; doi: 10.1007/s13258-014-0194-9
Kim et al. 2010: "Y chromosome homogeneity in the Korean population"; doi: 10.1007/s00414-010-0501-1
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Ebizur
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That sample of people from Jeju also exhibits the following tendencies:

*Higher than average frequency of mtDNA haplogroup D4 (specifically, D4(xD4a, D4b); its frequencies for D4a and D4b are near average)
*Extremely low frequency (2/113 = 1.8%) of mtDNA haplogroup D5
*Extremely low frequency (1/113 = 0.9%) of mtDNA haplogroup M8
*Lower than average frequency of mtDNA haplogroup G (only about 4% even when adjusted to compensate for the unusually high frequency of mtDNA haplogroup Y in this sample)

It is also tied with the sample from Gyeongsang province for the lowest frequency of mtDNA haplogroup B5 (2/112 = 1.8% Gyeongsang, 2/113 = 1.8% Jeju, South Korean total 27/708 = 3.81% B5).

Haplogroup D4(xD4a, D4b) is also relatively high in the sample from the province of Gangwon (roughly, the middle of the eastern side of the Korean Peninsula), in which the maximal frequency of Y-DNA haplogroup O2b-M176 has been observed in the studies by Soon-Hee Kim et al. 2010/2011. The frequency of O-M176 is also slightly above average in that study's sample from Jeju. Since Japan is also notable for its high frequency of unspecified derivatives of mtDNA haplogroup D4 and its high frequency of Y-DNA haplogroup O-M176, there may be some correlation between mtDNA D4(xD4a, D4b) and Y-DNA O-M176 in the vicinity of the Sea of Japan.

MtDNA haplogroups D5 and M8 also tend to be relatively uncommon in Japan, paralleling Y-DNA haplogroups N-M231 and C-M217 in my estimation. (As for the other study's sample of Jeju Y-DNA, its frequency of C-M217 is notably low, but its frequency of N-M231 is highest among all the South Korean samples; however, only three different Y-STR haplotypes have been observed among the six Jeju islanders in N-M231, so its frequency might have increased as a result of a recent expansion that is independent of mtDNA haplogroup D5 on that island.) On the other hand, mtDNA haplogroup G as a whole tends to be relatively frequent in Japan (and even more frequent north of Japan in populations surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk, though the members of mtDNA haplogroup G in that region almost all belong to a certain subclade of that haplogroup; haplogroup G's extant diversity is greater among Japanese, Koreans, and Chinese).

So, roughly eyeballing the figures, the Jeju sample does appear to lean toward (mainstream) Japanese as one might expect according to its geographical position, but its high frequency of mtDNA haplogroup Y and low frequency of mtDNA haplogroup G are peculiar. Higher resolution of the mtDNA Y, G, and D4(xD4a, D4b) lineages in particular should be illuminating.
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black man
The Right Hand
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most recent addendum:

see the first post at http://www.anthropedia.science/topic/8829211/1/ for updates concerning y hg C. Most Koreans in this hg appear to cluster with northern coastal Han. So future studies will hopefully clarify whether it's there due to an ancient substratum or because of what I preliminarily called "Manchu-Tungusic corridor".

The latter idea might be relevant since y hg C appears to be by far less common in Jeju-do.

Jeju could already have received an additional cluster of prehistoric immigrants prior to the arrival of historical immigrants. Keeping one of ren's older posts in mind, I'd suppose, Neolithic Jeju could have received patrilateral admixtures from Shandong peninsula in particular. And the data of Kim et al. 2010 do confirm the presence of the following y-chromosomal categories, which appear to be less common in mainland Korea:
- O-M119+: 5/87 in their "Jeju" sample but present in just 1-2% of their other southern Korean samples
- "NO*": 6/87 in the "Jeju" sample but just 2/110 in the "Seoul-Gyeonggi" sample

Nevertheless, the relative presence of y hg C in still hardly increases when one subtracts O-M119+ and "NO".




1st addendum:

some details from the supplementary materials of Lee et al. 2006 (whose paper seems to deal with mainland southern Korean mtDNA only) according to the nomenclature of Brandao et al. 2016:

N9a2a-16172, 16497: 18 times (like mostly Japanese samples in the tree of Brandao et al. 2016, the remainder being North Asian)
N9a2'4'5(xN9a2a)-16172: 10 times (possibly heterogenous, three of them having one maybe noteworthy mutation in common with one Japanese sample in the tree of Brandao et al. 2016)
N9a1-16129, 16111: 7 times (this hg occurs in both China and Japan according to the tree of Brandao et al. 2016)
N9a1'3(xN9a1)-16129: 5 times
N9a-16291: thrice
N9a-16519: once

Sources:
Brandao et al. 2016: "Quantifying the legacy of the Chinese Neolithic on the maternal genetic heritage of Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia"; doi: 10.1007/s00439-016-1640-3
Lee et al. 2006: "Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences in Koreans"; doi: 10.1007/s00414-005-0005-6




old post:

JCA
Mar 6 2017, 09:38:18 AM
MtDNA haplogroups D5 and M8 also tend to be relatively uncommon in Japan, paralleling Y-DNA haplogroups N-M231 and C-M217 in my estimation. (As for the other study's sample of Jeju Y-DNA, its frequency of C-M217 is notably low, but its frequency of N-M231 is highest among all the South Korean samples; however, only three different Y-STR haplotypes have been observed among the six Jeju islanders in N-M231, so its frequency might have increased as a result of a recent expansion that is independent of mtDNA haplogroup D5 on that island.) On the other hand, mtDNA haplogroup G as a whole tends to be relatively frequent in Japan (and even more frequent north of Japan in populations surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk, though the members of mtDNA haplogroup G in that region almost all belong to a certain subclade of that haplogroup; haplogroup G's extant diversity is greater among Japanese, Koreans, and Chinese).

So, roughly eyeballing the figures, the Jeju sample does appear to lean toward (mainstream) Japanese as one might expect according to its geographical position, but its high frequency of mtDNA haplogroup Y and low frequency of mtDNA haplogroup G are peculiar. Higher resolution of the mtDNA Y, G, and D4(xD4a, D4b) lineages in particular should be illuminating.
If I'm not mistaken, Jeju-do is less urbanised than other parts of southern Korea. So patrilocality might play a more important role in Jeju-do than in other parts of southern Korea (when compared with neolocality). Accordingly, the y hg profile reported by Kim et al. 2010 might be representative for a more mainstream-like part of Jeju-do population only.
Edited by black man, May 18 2018, 04:33:13 PM.
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Ebizur
Advanced Member
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black man
Mar 7 2017, 01:00:38 PM
see the first post at http://www.anthropedia.science/topic/8829211/1/ for updates concerning y hg C. Most Koreans in this hg appear to cluster with northern coastal Han. So future studies will hopefully clarify whether it's there due to an ancient substratum or because of what I preliminarily called "Manchu-Tungusic corridor".

The latter idea might be relevant since y hg C appears to be by far less common in Jeju-do.
According to YFull YTree v6.02:

C-F2613 formed 33800 [95% CI 31000 <-> 36700] ybp, TMRCA 11000 [95% CI 10100 <-> 12100] ybp

Note the huge gap between the "formed" age (i.e. the TMRCA of C-F2613 and C-CTS4660, the latter of which has been found in a Han in Fujian and a Dai in Yunnan, with the Han and the Dai having an estimated TMRCA of 2200 [95% CI 1250 <-> 3600] ybp) and the "TMRCA" age (i.e. estimated age of the most recent common ancestor of all attested members of C-F2613).

I think it would be prudent not to make any claims about where members of the branch leading to C-F2613 might have lived during the roughly 20,000-year gap between their common ancestor with C-CTS4660 and the TMRCA of extant C-F2613. However, modern Chinese and Korean (and Mongolian, Japanese, Vietnamese, etc.) members of C-F2613 clearly descend in the paternal line from a single population that has existed somewhere at some time more recent than the onset of the earliest Neolithic culture in East Asia.

I think ancient DNA might be the most promising means of resolving further the geographical location and any possible ethnolinguistic associations of the
ancestral population from which modern members of C-F2613 have descended.
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black man
The Right Hand
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addendum:

just reviewing the supplementary materials of Kim Soon-Hee et al. 2011, I noticed six hts which occur more than once in their Jeju samples despite of them having checked 17 Y-STR loci. And of these, "ht225" is present in four of six men in y hg N. Apart from that, "ht264" and "ht276" in y hg O-M119+ and "ht949" in y hg O-P201+ occur in mainland Korea as well. Plus, "ht536" in y hg O-47z+ is identical with the ht of a Japanese sample.

So maybe one should exclude O-M119+ because it could be "less aboriginal" apart from checking samples from different locations on the island.

Source:
Kim Soon-Hee et al. 2011: "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea"; doi: 10.1186/2041-2223-2-10




old post

Ebizur
May 19 2018, 01:26:51 AM
black man
Mar 7 2017, 01:00:38 PM
see the first post at http://www.anthropedia.science/topic/8829211/1/ for updates concerning y hg C. Most Koreans in this hg appear to cluster with northern coastal Han. So future studies will hopefully clarify whether it's there due to an ancient substratum or because of what I preliminarily called "Manchu-Tungusic corridor".

The latter idea might be relevant since y hg C appears to be by far less common in Jeju-do.
According to YFull YTree v6.02:

C-F2613 formed 33800 [95% CI 31000 <-> 36700] ybp, TMRCA 11000 [95% CI 10100 <-> 12100] ybp

Note the huge gap between the "formed" age (i.e. the TMRCA of C-F2613 and C-CTS4660, the latter of which has been found in a Han in Fujian and a Dai in Yunnan, with the Han and the Dai having an estimated TMRCA of 2200 [95% CI 1250 <-> 3600] ybp) and the "TMRCA" age (i.e. estimated age of the most recent common ancestor of all attested members of C-F2613).

I think it would be prudent not to make any claims about where members of the branch leading to C-F2613 might have lived during the roughly 20,000-year gap between their common ancestor with C-CTS4660 and the TMRCA of extant C-F2613. However, modern Chinese and Korean (and Mongolian, Japanese, Vietnamese, etc.) members of C-F2613 clearly descend in the paternal line from a single population that has existed somewhere at some time more recent than the onset of the earliest Neolithic culture in East Asia.

I think ancient DNA might be the most promising means of resolving further the geographical location and any possible ethnolinguistic associations of the
ancestral population from which modern members of C-F2613 have descended.
Thanks for the hint, Ebizur.

I've been thinking about what could have made Neolithic cultures special in what is now southern coastal Korea. So far, I only came across information about Yean-ri local culture, which could have had similar Neolithic predecessors in terms of body culture.
Edited by black man, Jun 1 2018, 04:07:18 PM.
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